Manatunga English Learning

 

Must have + V3 — कोई काम जरूर किया होगा

Formula:
    Subject + must have + V₃ + object

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    Concept (Explanation):

This structure is used when you are sure or almost sure that something happened in the past — based on logic, evidence, or observation.
In Hindi, it means “जरूर किया होगा / जरूर हुआ होगा”.

It expresses certainty or strong belief about a completed past action.

For example:

• “He must have reached home.” means — “वह जरूर घर पहुँच गया होगा।”
  (You are not 100% sure, but you are confident based on the situation.)

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Examples from the Book:

1. वह जरूर आ गया होगा। — He must have come.

2. वह जरूर समझ गया होगा। — He must have understood.

3. तुमने जरूर गलत समझा होगा। — You must have misunderstood.

4. तुम जरूर भूल गए होगे। — You must have forgotten.

5. वह जरूर पहुँच गया होगा। — He must have reached there.

6. तुमने जरूर उसे दुख पहुँचाया होगा। — You must have hurt him.

7. उसने जरूर लिखा होगा। — He must have written.

8. वे जरूर मैच जीत गए होंगे। — They must have won the match.

9. उसे जरूर देर हो गई होगी। — He must have got late.

10. मैंने कुछ नहीं कहा, तुमने जरूर गलत सुना होगा। — I didn’t say so, you must have misheard.

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  For Practice (Try Translating):

1. वह जरूर भूल गया होगा।

2. तुमने जरूर गलत नंबर डायल किया होगा।

3. तुम जरूर कुछ खा चुके होगे।

4. उसने जरूर काम कर लिया होगा।

5. फिक्र मत करो, वह जरूर फोन कर चुका होगा।

6. तुमने जरूर गलत सुना होगा।

7. वह जरूर वहाँ पहुँच गया होगा।

8. उसने जरूर जवाब दिया होगा।

9. उसने जरूर गलती की होगी।

10. वह जरूर आया होगा और मेरा इंतजार किया होगा।

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Grammar Tip:

• Must have + V3 = Strong belief about a past action.

• Might have + V3 = Weak or uncertain belief.
  Example: He might have left early. → शायद वह जल्दी चला गया होगा।

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Hard Words:

• बहकाना — misguide / beguile

• होना — happen

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Silly Mistakes (Common English Errors):

1. ❌ Tution → ✅ Tuition

2. ❌ Pronounce Receipt with ‘p’ → ✅ The letter p is silent.

3. ❌ Proudy → ✅ Proud

4. ❌ Grammer → ✅ Grammar

    Tip: Always check the dictionary or pronunciation before memorizing a word.

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Additional Info:

The structure “Must have + V3” is part of Perfect Modals in English grammar.
It connects the modality (certainty) of must with the *completion (perfect form) of have + V3.
This pattern is commonly used in spoken English when guessing past situations.

More examples:

• You look tired — you must have worked hard!

• The roads are wet — it must have rained last night.

• He isn’t at home — he must have gone to the office.

Learning these forms helps you speak naturally and confidently like native speakers.
Always practice by observing daily situations and converting them into English assumptions.

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Short Pep Talk:

Love your work, enjoy learning, and speak English every day without fear.
Consistency is the secret to fluency!